http://www.opposingviews.com/i/society/touching-pregnant-ladies-bellies-now-illegal-penn
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Cause
There is no safe time to drink during a pregnancy.
The brain develops through the whole pregnancy,xzz starting in the third week when
most women do not even know they are pregnant. Drinking at any stage has an effect
on the baby, whether it is physical or developmental.
Stage one embryonic stage of development after fertilization - embryonic stage 1 is when the body and organ system is laid out and planned. Consumption of alcohol at this stage is very dangerous depending on the population of cells negatively affected and can cause birth defects (Erica O'Neil September 25, 2013). |
http://www.baby2see.com/development/first_trimester.html
Third week - "Alcohol-induced birth defects start to
affect the developing embryo." (Erica O'Neil)
Fourth week - "By the fourth week of development, the embryonic heart is already beating. Alcohol can impede the proliferation, migration, and specification of cardiac progenitor cells by prompting either deficient or toxic levels of retinol (vitamin A) in the developing embryo. Defects that result from those impediments can include atrial and ventricular abnormalities, issues with valve formation, and a potential increase in the risk of heart disease later in adulthood." (Erica O'Neil) |
A six-week-old human embryo. Photograph: Getty Images HO/Gettyhttp://www.theguardian.com/society/2008/may/09/health.medicalresearch
Sixth week - "The neurulation happens. The cranial
neural crest cells compose the frontonasal process of the developing embryo
which interacts with the ectoderm to differentiate into facial features. Damage
to this cellular progenitor pool can result in minor midline facial abnormalities,
characteristic of FAS" (Erica O'Neil).
Sixth & Seventh week - "…after the brain has begun to divide into vesicles. At that point, the corpus callosum, a midline structure responsible for the communication between the left and right hemispheres of the brain, becomes vulnerable to alcohol. Prenatal alcohol exposure can result in the underdevelopment or complete agenesis of that structure" (Erica O'Neil). |
http://www.baby2see.com/development/first_trimester.html
Eighth week -"Is the end of the embryonic stage and the beginning
of the fetal stage."(Erica O'Neil)
Third trimester - ...The fetus is not as sensitive to the effects of alcohol. http://www.baby2see.com/development/first_trimester.html
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References
Erica O'Neil September 25, 2013 https://embryo.asu.edu/pages/developmental-timeline-alcohol-induced-birth-defects
Erica O'Neil September 25, 2013 https://embryo.asu.edu/pages/developmental-timeline-alcohol-induced-birth-defects